Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Superficial Temporal Artery and Its Terminal Branches: Implications for Clinical Practice

Background: The superficial temporal artery (STA) and its terminal branches are crucial in various clinical procedures, including reconstructive surgeries and aesthetic interventions. Understanding the depth and course of these arteries is essential to minimize complications during such procedures. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed head and neck computed tomography (CT) angiograms from 209 individuals aged 25–93. Parameters were evaluated using three-dimensional volume rendering technique (3D-VRT), thin-slab axial, and maximum intensity projection (MIP) images. Results: In total, 418 STAs were examined. The STA diameter decreased and became more superficial from its origin to the bifurcation point. The mean depths of the frontal branch from the skin closest to the jugale point and the zygomatic process were 0.27 ± 0.11 cm and 0.21 ± 0.08 cm, respectively. A significant relationship was found between gender and the depth and diameter of the STA. Age-related changes were observed, with arterial diameters increasing with age. Conclusion: Detailed anatomical data on the STA and its branches can guide the creation of safe zones and surgical planning, reducing the risk of complications in reconstructive and aesthetic procedures. This study highlights the importance of understanding the anatomical variations and the course of the STA for safe and effective clinical interventions.