The Effectiveness of Structured Vestibular Assessment Form in the Diagnosis Process

Objective: This study investigated the role of vestibular assessment form in the differential diagnosis of peripheral vestibular disorders, and disorders originating from central or other non-vestibular causes. Methods: Data from individuals aged 18 and older who visited the audiology unit with complaints of dizziness and/or balance disorders and underwent vestibular/balance evaluation were analyzed. The vestibular disease diagnoses of the individuals and their responses to the vestibular assessment form were evaluated. The vestibular assessment form included questions about the episodes, associated symptoms, auditory symptoms, exacerbating factors, comorbidities, and relieving factors. Results: The study included 56 individuals with peripheral vestibular pathology (mean age: 48.41 +/- 18.15 years, range: 18-77 years) and 29 individuals with non-peripheral vestibular pathology (mean age: 54.55 +/- 16.99 years, range: 21-80 years). Vertigo and vestibulo-visual symptoms were more common in individuals with peripheral vestibular pathology, whereas dizziness and postural symptoms were more frequent in individuals with non-peripheral vestibular pathology (p<0.01). Auditory symptoms and relieving factors were more common in individuals with peripheral vestibular pathologies (p<0.05). In contrast, symptoms such as headache, photophobia, and phonophobia were more frequent in those with non-peripheral vestibular pathologies (p<0.01). Conclusion: The presence of auditory symptoms, vertigo, vestibulo-visual symptoms, neurovegetative symptoms (such as nausea and vomiting), the relieving effect of standing still or resting, and the response to medical treatment in the patient's history, suggest peripheral vestibular pathology. A detailed history is crucial for selecting the appropriate clinical examination, determining the need for additional tests, and ensuring a time-and cost-effective evaluation of patients with vestibular symptoms.