Restorative medicine in the aging genitourinary system

Life expectancy is increasing globally, leading to a larger population base older than age 60. Aging has several detrimental effects on the urinary and reproductive tracts. This leads to elder males presenting with symptoms and signs of androgen deficiency, impotence, and benign prostate hyperplasia, while patients of both sexes present with lower urinary tract symptoms, incontinence, and tumors more frequently with older age. This chapter discusses the evaluation and care of elderly patients from a urologic perspective and emphasizes the importance of awareness of the effects of aging on the urinary and reproductive tracts by the healthcare team.