Impact of the international organizatons 39 on the e-government policies of Turkiye

This article/ study explains the role of international organizations such as the World Bank, the United Nations Development Program, the International Monetary Fund, and the European Union in e-government policy planning and implementation in Turkey. The analysis is done by conducting fifty in-depth interviews with e-government experts from public, private and civil society sectors and the media in Turkey. Interview findings are triangulated by archival analysis. In the first section, it is argued that the e-government literature largely overlooks the analysis of e-government processes, while studies of e-government outputs such as government websites and online government services are abundant. Second, the role of international organizations in e-government is explained by the concept of 'force field of competing forces', and with detailed examples and figures. Third, international organizations' role is explained by the 'control function' of e-government. The last section proposes a discussion of the international organizations' impact on e-government policy in the long run in Turkey.