Doktor Antoine Barthélémy Clot ve Osmanlı Mısırı’nda Modern Hastane ve Tıbbiyenin Doğuşu Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Medicine, as an issue concerning the health of the individual and society, represents an important area in the Westernization of the 19th century Ottoman Empire and the Egyptian Province. The aim of this study is to examine the reasons and stages of the establishment of a school of medicine during the reign of Mehmed Ali Pasha, who initiated the whole reform process in Egypt, by focusing on Antoine Barthélémy Clot Bey (1793-1868). As a founding actor, Clot Bey had been involved in the organisation of modern medicine as a physician and teacher since his arrival in Egypt in 1825, and had written his observations and experiences as reports, academic articles and memoir during his years in Cairo (1825-1849, 1856-1858). This article presents his observations on the organisation of modern medicine and the establishment of a hospital and medical school. Modern historiography sometimes tends to examine the modernisation of medicine in a colonial context when it comes to Africa and Asia. However, the aim of this study is to focus on a context in which, parallel to the rise of scientific medicine in the 19th century, states began to assume responsibility for their own public health systems and agreements based on international measures to combat epidemics (quarantine) emerged. At the same time, in this context, health reform will be evaluated as an area of the Westernisation project of Mehmed Ali Pasha, who tried to integrate into the Western European economy and also rebelled against the Ottoman Empire with his new Egyptian army.