The cytotoxic properties and apoptotic potential of N-butyl and 2-octyl cyanoacrylates used in surgical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency

Background: This study aims to investigate the cytotoxic effects and apoptotic potential of N-butyl cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate used in surgical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency.Methods: N-butyl cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate were cultured in cell-culture using human umbilical endothelial cell-line. Cytotoxicity and viability were assessed at 24 and 72 hours with lactate dehydrogenase and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, respectively. Apoptotic potential was documented at 24 and 72 hours with relative caspase-3 activity.Results: The mean cytotoxicity at 24 and 72 hours were: N-butyl cyanoacrylate with an area of dot/line: 37.0 +/- 3.9%/29.3 +/- 2.7% and 46.4 +/- 1.6%/45.1 +/- 7.1%, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with an area of dot/line: 39.0 +/- 7.0%/37.3 +/- 4.6% and 47.0 +/- 2.3%/40.7 +/- 7.5%. Cytotoxicity increased by time in each group (p<0.05). The mean viability at 24 and 72 hours were: N-butyl cyanoacrylate with an area of dot/line: 53.4 +/- 7.7%/72.0 +/- 5.7% and 35.7 +/- 1.9%/37.8 +/- 3.7%, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with an area of dot/line: 54.3 +/- 4.4%/73.5 +/- 19.9% and 33.6 +/- 2.8%/30.7 +/- 4.5%. The mean viability decreased by time in each group (p<0.05). The mean relative caspase-3 activity at 24 and 72 hours were: control group: 0.084 +/- 0.006 and 0.065 +/- 0.002, N-butyl cyanoacrylate with an area of dot/line: 0.940 +/- 0.037/0.924 +/- 0.053 and 0.999 +/- 0.072/1.056 +/- 0.015, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with an area of dot/line: 0.900 +/- 0.044/0.928 +/- 0.018 and 0.989 +/- 0.084/0.999 +/- 0.072. The mean relative caspase-3 activity was higher than control group in each group at each time interval (p<0.05) and activity increased by time in N-butyl cyanoacrylate line and in 2-octyl cyanoacrylate line groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: Our findings indicate that N-butyl cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate cause cytotoxicity in cell-culture media. We may also postulate that they induce apoptosis in cell-culture media.