Targeted therapies and immunotherapy in prostate cancer

In the era of the molecular medicine, new targets are discovered and testing for clinical benefits in prostate carcinoma. Recent clinical and preclinical studies focused on understanding the molecular landscape of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to find out the potential therapeutic targets. Androgen pathway is the main study field. And new-generation androgen pathway targeting agents are testing and new molecular targets also defined. Androgen receptor targeting is demonstrated as overall survival benefit in CRPC. Abiraterone and enzalutamide that targets androgen pathway had survival benefit and had FDA approval in castration-resistant prostate carcinoma (CRPC) patients. Besides the androgen pathway, PARP inhibitors, PI3K/Akt, immune checkpoints, and PD1 and PDL1 inhibitors are drugable targets. This chapter focuses on the targeted therapies and immunotherapies in prostate adenocarcinoma, especially CRPC.