Potential for carbon sequestration in modern cementitious materials

Carbon sequestration in modern cementitious materials has emerged as a critical study domain in the attempt to reduce global carbon emissions. This review analyzes the capacity of diverse and innovative concrete types, such as engineered cementitious composites (ECC), ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), limestone calcined clay cement (LC³)-based concrete, geopolymer concrete, 3D-printed concrete (3DCP), and recycled aggregate concrete, to sequester and store carbon during the curing stage. With a focused effort on understanding carbon sequestration during curing, this study offers a comprehensive overview and examines the challenges associated with optimizing curing processes, highlighting their impact on the mechanical performance and durability of carbon-sequestered matrices. The effects of different curing methods and materials are examined concerning their influence on concrete performance and the optimization for carbon storage. The study emphasizes perpetual issues and outlines critical research gaps that must be addressed to enhance the efficacy of carbon sequestration in modern concrete systems. Recommendations for future research areas are offered to facilitate the advancement of more sustainable and carbon-efficient cementitious materials.