Long-haul vehicle routing and scheduling with idling options

This paper introduces the vehicle routing and truck driver scheduling problem with idling options, an extension of the long-haul vehicle routing and truck driver scheduling problem with a more comprehensive objective function that accounts for routing cost, driver cost and idling cost, i.e., the cost associated with energy supply used to maintain drivers' comfort when the vehicle is not moving. For the idling cost, we consider Electrified Parking Space (EPS) and Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) usage costs. The use of EPSs or APUs avoids keeping the engine running while the vehicle is not moving. We develop a multi-start matheuristic algorithm that combines adaptive large neighborhood search and mixed integer linear programming. We present extensive computational results on instances derived from the Solomon test bed.