Adipokines, inflammation, oxidative stress: Critical components in obese women with metabolic syndrome

Objective: Adipose tissue dysfunction, increased systemic inflammation and oxidative stress are features of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between adipokines, inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome components in obese women. Subjects and Methods: A total sample of 100 obese women (BMI=32.44±1.80 kg/m²) living in Erzincan aged 20-45 years were included in this cross-sectional survey. Serum biochemical (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, lipit profiles, fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alfa, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, anthropometrical (body weight, height, waist and neck circumference) parameters and blood pressure were measured. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. Results: Results of this study indicate that waist circumference, neck circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), HOMA-IR, triglyceride (TG), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), Tumor Necrosis Factor -alfa (TNF-α), leptin, leptin: adiponectin (L:A) ratio and malondialdehyde (MAD) were significantly higher but adiponectin and HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly lower in obese women with metabolic syndrome than in women without the syndrome (p <0.05). Waist circumference had positive correlation with Hs-CRP (r = 0.315, p < 0.05) and negative correlation with adiponectin (r =- 0.552, p < 0.01). TG had highly significant positive correlation with Hs-CRP (r = 0.305, p < 0.05) but, negative correlation with IL-6 (r = -0.347, p < 0.05) and adiponectin (r=-0.440, p< 0.01). Hs-CRP was positively correlated with MDA (r=0.323, p< 0.05) and negatively correlated with DBP (r=-0.253, p< 0.05). TNF-α was significantly and positively correlated with leptin (r = 0.701, p < 0.01), resistin (r = 0.646, p < 0.01), MDA (r = 0.949, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with adiponectin (r =-0.772, p < 0.01). MDA had positive correlation with TNF-α (r = 0.949, p <0.01), leptin (r = 0.721, p < 0.01), adiponectin (r = 0.788, p< 0.01) and resistin (r = 0.694, p < 0.01). Hs-CRP was significantly and positively associated with waist circumferemce (β = 0.315, p < 0.05), TG (β = 0.307, p < 0.05) and negatively associated with DBP (β = -0.276, p < 0.05). Conclusion: High leptin and low adiponectin level, L:A ratio, Hs-CRP, TNF-α and MDA may act as a diagnostic marker for metabolic syndrome in obese women.